Racism in the Twenty-First Century - 888 Words

Racism in the 21st Century As the 2008 presidential election proceeded to break racial barriers in America, many people have come to believe that racism in America no longer exists since we now have a Black president. However, This could not be anything further from the truth. When many people think of racism, they think of blunt discriminatory actions made against people of color. Thoughts of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan probably come to mind when people envision what racism may look like. Since many of this is now considered illegal or less evident in today’s society, many people may believe that racism is no longer a major issue. Racism in today’s society, however, is constructed differently. Robert M. Entman notes that American society has changed from â€Å"traditional to modern racism† (206). Modern racism is more complex within our political and social systems. So how does racism still exist you ask? Racism still exists in our society because minoritie s remain to be the largest group of people who are unemployed, disadvantaged in their ability to obtain a decent education, and misrepresented by the media. Minorities have a higher rate of unemployment than whites in America. Black unemployment in America rose â€Å"from 15.3 to 15.5 percentâ€Å" in March 2011, while only â€Å"7.9 percent of white workers were jobless† (Ross). The factors causing this lack of employment among minorities are explained as having to deal with education, age, ethnic-sounding names on job applications,Show MoreRelatedHas Dr. Martin Luther Kings Dream Become Reality?870 Words   |  4 PagesIn our modern society has the vision articulated by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in his acclaimed I Have a Dream speech become a reality in twenty-first century America? 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Introduction Of Online Restaurant Website - 1073 Words

1. Introduction to Online Restaurant Website Abstract Online Restaurant Website† is considered as an increasingly used application in restaurant management. Just a few years ago, people used to spend long time waiting for a table to be ready for them at a restaurant. And after that, they would wait longer time to order their food. There was no surprise that the food took too long to be prepared. In short, the whole enjoyment of eating did eventually result in boredom and tiredness for customers. From another side, this is the restaurant management and staff who used to stand much pressure to handle a lot of customers at the same time. With great technology in general and the internet in specific, customers can be happy by using online food ordering and reservation. This facilitates the work of restaurant managers and staff. The system will make the entire process for the restaurant manager much easier and faster compared with traditional methods. 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Low Cost Concrete Essay Sample free essay sample

Experimental Investigation In Developing Low Cost Concrete From Paper Industry Waste ABST RACT Over 300 million tones of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural procedure in India. T hese stuffs pose jobs of disposal and wellness jeopardies. T he wastes like phosphogypsum. f luorogypsum and ruddy clay contain objectionable drosss which adversely af f ect the strength and other belongingss of edifice stuffs based on them. Out of several wastes being produced at nowadays. the usage of phosphogypsum. f lurogypsum. lime sludge. sodium thiosulphate sludge. ruddy clay. and mine shadowing is of paramount signif icance to protect the environment. Paper doing by and large produces a big sum of solid waste. Paper f ibers can be recycled merely a limited figure of times bef ore they become excessively short or weak to do high quality paper. It means that the broken. low- choice paper degree Fahrenheit ibers are separated out to go waste sludge. All the inks. dyes. coatings. pigments. basics and â€Å"stickies† ( tape. fictile degree Fahrenheit ilms. etc. ) are besides washed of degree Fahrenheit the recycled degree Fahrenheit ibers to fall in the waste solids. T he shiny f inish on calendered magazine-type paper is produced utilizing a f ine china clay clay coating. which besides becomes solid waste during recycling. T his paper factory sludge consumes a big per centum of local landf ailment infinite degree Fahrenheit or each and every twelvemonth. Worse yet. some of the wastes are land spread on cropland as a disposal technique. raising concerns about hint contaminations constructing up in dirt or running of degree Fahrenheit into country lakes and watercourses. Some companies burn their sludge in incinerators. lending to our serious air pollution jobs. To cut down disposal and pollution jobs emanating degree Fahrenheit rom these industrial wastes. it is most indispensable to develop prof itable edifice stuffs f ro m them. Keeping this in position. probes were undertaken to bring forth low dramatis personae concrete by intermixing assorted ratios of cement with sodium thiosulphate sludge. T his undertaking is concerned with experimental probe on strength of concrete and optimal per centum of the partial replacing by replacing cement via 10 % . 20 % . 30 % . 40 % . 50 % . 60 % and 70 % of Hypo Sludge. Keywords: Hypo Sludge. Pozzolanic Property. auxiliary cementitious stuffs. INT RODUCT ION General Energy plays a important function in growing of developing states like India. In the context of low handiness of non-renewable energy resources coupled with the demands of big measures of energy degree Fahrenheit or Building stuffs like cement. the importance of utilizing industrial waste can non be under estimated. During manuf acturing of 1 tones of Ordinary Portland Cement we need about 1-1? metric tons of earth resources like limestone. etc. Further during manuf acturing of 1 metric tons of Ordinary Portland Cement an equal sum of carbon-di-oxide are released into the ambiance. T he carbon-di-oxide emanations act as a soundless Killer in the environment as assorted degree Fahrenheit orms. In this Backdrop. the hunt degree Fahrenheit or cheaper replacement to OPC is a needf ul 1. SOLID WAST E FROM PAPER INDUST RY Hypo Sludge Properties Where. this sodium thiosulphate sludge contains. low Ca and maximal Ca chloride and minimal sum of silicon oxide. Hypo sludg e behaves like cement because of silicon oxide and Mg belongingss. T his silicon oxide and Mg improve the scene of the concrete. Fig 1- Raw Hypo sludge disposal degree Fahrenheit read-only memory T NPL Need For Hypo Sludge Utilization While bring forthing paper the assorted wastes are comes out f rom the assorted procedures in paper industries. From the preliminary waste named as sodium thiosulphate sludge due to its low Ca is taken out degree Fahrenheit or our undertaking to replace the cement use in concrete. Due to the cement production green house gases are emitted in the ambiance. For bring forthing 4million tones of cement. they emit 1 million ton green house gases are emitted. Besides. to cut down the environmental debasement. this sludge has been avoided in mass degree disposal in land. To extinguish the ozone bed depletion. production of cement becomes reduced. For this. the sodium thiosulphate sludge is used as partial replacing in the concrete every bit high perf ormance concrete. By using this waste the strength will be increased and besides cost decrease in the concrete is achieved. OBJECT IVES To look into the use of Hypo Sludge as Supplementary Cementitious Materials ( SCM ) and inf luence of these sodium thiosulphates sludge on the Strength on concretes made with dif f erent Cement replacing degrees MAT ERIALS USED Cement T he most common cement is used is ordinary Portland cement. T he Type 1 is pref erred harmonizing to IS: 269-1976. which is used degree Fahrenheit or general concrete constructions. Out of the entire production. ordinary Portland cement histories f or about 80-90 per centum. Many trials were conducted to cement some of them are consistency trials. puting trials. soundness trials. etc. Aggregate Aggregates are the of import components in concrete. T hey give organic structure to the concrete. cut down shrinking and ef degree Fahrenheits ect economic system. One of the most of import degree Fahrenheit histrions f or bring forthing feasible concrete is good step of sums. Good scaling implies that a sample f ractions of sums in needed proportion such that the sample contains minimal nothingnesss. Samples of the well graded sum incorporating minimal nothingnesss require minimal paste to f ill up the nothingnesss in the sums. Minimum paste will intend less measure of cement and less H2O. which will f urther mean increased economic system. higher strength. lower shrinking and greater lastingness. Aggregate comprises about 55 % of the volume of howitzer and about 85 % v olume of mass concrete. Mortar contains of size of 4. 75 millimeter and concrete contains aggregate upto a maximal size of 150 millimeter. Coarse Aggregate T he f ractions f rom 80 millimeter to 4. 75 millimeter are termed as harsh sum. All right aggregative T hosiery degree Fahrenheit ractions f rom 4. 75 millimeter to 150 micrometers are termed as f ine sum. Water Water is an of import ingredient of concrete as it really participates in the chemical reaction with cement. Since it helps to f rom the strength giving cement gel. the measure and quality of H2O is required to be looked into really caref ully. Hypo Sludge T he f ollowing tabular arraies shows the sodium thiosulphate sludge chemical belongingss and comparing between cement and sodium thiosulphate sludge. Table – 1 Properties of Raw Hypo Sludge Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Moisture Constiutent % Present In Hypo Sludge 56. 8 3. 3 46. 2 27. 00 11. 1 9. 0 3. 6 Magnesium oxide ( MgO ) Calcium oxide ( CaO ) Loss on ignescent Acid indissoluble Silica ( SiO2 ) R2O3 Table – 2 Properties of Hypo Sludge As Cement Ingredient Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Constituent Magnesium oxide ( MgO ) Calcium oxide ( CaO ) Loss on ignescent Acid indissoluble Silica ( SiO2 ) R2O3 % Present In Hypo Sludge 3. 3 46. 2 27. 00 11. 1 9. 0 3. 6 Table – 3 Comparison of Cement and Hypo Sludge Sl. No Constituent Cement ( In % ) Hypo Sludge ( In % ) 46. 2 9 3. 6 3. 33 4. 05 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lime ( CaO ) Silica ( SiO2 ) Alumina Magnesium Calcium sulfate 62 22 5 1 4 Table-4 Setting T ime for cement and Hypo Sludge Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ingredients Cement + 0 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement +10 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement +20 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement +30 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement +40 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement +50 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Cement + 60 % sodium thiosulphate sludge Initial ( min ) 30 31 33 34 36 37 38 Final ( min ) 600 598 597 595 593 592 591 8. MIX DESIGN: Cement +70 % sodium thiosulphate sludge 40 590 A mix M 25 class was designed as per Indian Standard method and the same was used to fix the trial samples. T he design mix proportion is as f ollows Water By weight ( kilogram ) By volume Mix Proportions Conventional Concrete – 1: 0. 834: 2. 29 10 % replacing – 0. 9: 0. 834:2. 29 20 % replacing – 0. 80:0. 834:2. 29 30 % replacement- 0. 70:0. 834:2. 29 40 % replacing – 0. 60:0. 834:2. 29 50 % replacing – 0. 50: 0. 834: 2. 29 60 % replacing – 0. 40: 0. 834: 2. 29 70 % replacing – 0. 30: 0. 834: 2. 29 DETAILS OF T HE EXPERIMENTAL ST UDY Compressive strength trial 150 millimeter X 150mm X 150mm concrete regular hexahedrons were projecting utilizing M25 grade concrete. Specimens with ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ) and OPC replaced with sodium thiosulphate sludge at 10 % . 20 % . 30 % . 40 % . 50 % . 60 % and 70 % degrees were cast. During projecting the regular hexahedrons were automatically vibrated by utilizing a table vibrator. Af ter 24 hours. the specimens were removed f rom the mold and subjected to H2O bring arounding degree Fahrenheit or 14 and 28 yearss. Af ter bring arounding. the specimens were tested degree Fahrenheit or compressive strength utilizing a graduated compaction proving machine of 2000kN capacity. ECONOMIC FEASABILIT Y Cost analysis is carried out degree Fahrenheit or the optimal proportion of per centum of sodium thiosulphate sludge in concrete. T his undertaking was carried out in our college campus. T he cost is compared to the conventional concrete. Cost Of Materials Cost of cement per bag = Rs. 250. 00 Cost of sand per M3 = Rs. 867. 20 Cost of sodium thiosulphate sludge per kilogram = Rs. 0. 50 Cost of coarse of aggregative per M3 = Rs. 561. 40 ( All the rates are include with lead charges ) Table-8 Cost of stuff of normal concrete/ M3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 547. 42 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-9 Cost of stuff of 10 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 492. 678 54. 742 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-10 Cost of stuff of 20 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 437. 936 109. 484 456. 96 1255. 475 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 2189. 68 54. 74 247. 67 320. 37 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 2463. 39 27. 37 247. 67 320. 37 3058. 801 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 2737. 10 247. 67 320. 37 3305. 14 Entire cost Table-11 Cost of stuff of 30 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 383. 194 164. 226 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-12 Cost of stuff of 40 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 328. 452 218. 968 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-13Cost of stuff of 50 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 273. 71 273. 71 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-14 Cost of stuff of 60 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 2812. 462 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 1915. 97 82. 11 247. 67 320. 37 2566. 12 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 1642. 26 109. 484 247. 67 320. 37 2319. 784 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 1368. 55 136. 855 247. 67 320. 37 2073. 445 Table-14 Cost of stuff of 60 % partly replaced concrete/m Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 218. 968 328. 452 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Table-15 Cost of stuff of 70 % partly replaced concrete/m3 Description Cement Hypo sludge Sand Coarse aggregate Quantity kg/m3 164. 226 383. 194 456. 96 1255. 475 Entire cost Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 821. 13 191. 597 247. 67 320. 37 1580. 767 Cost ( Rs. ) 5/kg 0. 50/kg 867. 20/m3 561. 40/m3 Cost of stuff ( Rs. ) 1094. 84 164. 226 247. 67 320. 37 1827. 106 Thymine he compared values of cost show gradual decrease in entire cost of per three-dimensional metre concrete. T he supra tabular array shows cost values up to 30 % replacing and the difference in cost degree Fahrenheit read-only memory normal concrete to partly replaced concrete was Rs. 739. 02 CONCLUSIONS Based on limited experimental probe on the compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. the f ollowing observations are made sing the opposition of partly replaced sodium thiosulphate sludge. * Compressive strength of the concrete. should be increased the per centum of replacing is increased up to 40 % and replacing increased compressive strength become reduced. * T he split tensile strength should be decreased degree Fahrenheit or the per centum of the replacing is increased. * Form this degree. replacing of cement with this waste of hypo- sludge stuff provides maximal compressive strength at 30 %replacing. * We f ind the glorification to E. W. S group people by get the 28 yearss bring arounding trial. When authorities implement the undertakings f or impermanent shelters f or who those af degree Fahrenheits ected by tsunami. E. Q. etc. . this stuff can be use degree Fahrenheit or economical degree Fahrenheit easibility. * Cost of cement should go low degree Fahrenheit read-only memory this undertaking. * Environment ef degree Fahrenheit ECTs f read-only memory wastes and maximal sum of cement manuf acturing is reduced through this undertaking. * A better step by a NEW CONST RUCT ION MAT ERIAL is f ormed out through this undertaking. Reference 1. Felix F. Udoeyo. Hilary Inyang. David T. Young A ; Edmund E. Oparadu â€Å"Potential Of Wood Waste Ash As An 1. Felix F. Udoeyo. Hilary Inyang. David T. Young A ; Edmund E. Oparadu â€Å"Potential Of Wood Waste Ash As An Additive In Concrete† in Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. ASCE. July/August 2006. pp. 605-612 2 K. Ganesan K. Rajagopal an K. T hangavelu â€Å"Ef f ECTs of the Partial replacing of cement with agro waste ashes on strength and lastingness of concrete† Proceedings of International conf erence on recent progresss in concrete and building engineering. organised by Department of Civil technology. S. R. M Engineering College. Chennai- 07-09 December 2005. 3. IS 383 -1970 â€Å"Specif ications f or Coarse and Fine Aggregates f rom Natural Sources degree Fahrenheit or Concrete† . Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi. 4. IS 10262 -1981 â€Å"IS Method of Mix Design† . Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi 5. IS 516 -1959 â€Å"Methods of Trials f or strength of concrete† . Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi 6. IS 456 -2000 â€Å"Code of Practice degree Fahrenheit or Plain and Reinf orced Concrete† . Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi. This study is submitted to engineeringcivil. com so that pupils can happen the research utile and can take aid in farther research and analysis. We unfeignedly thanks R. Srinivasan. Lecturer. Department of Civil Engineering. Tamilnadu College of Engineering. Karumatham Patti. Coimbatore-641659. Tamilnadu. Prof. M. Palanisamy – Assistant Professor. Department of Civil Engineering. Tamilnadu College of Engineering. Karumatham patti. Coimbatore-641659. Tamilnadu

The God of Small Things Review Essay Example

The God of Small Things Review Paper Essay on The God of Small Things This is a novel about how change is capable to destroy a persons life. About how one tragedy pulls the other. About how one drives the convention even more. This is not a novel about spiritual India, and the cruel, merciless Author honest, the most outspoken. At the center of the family, which takes a high position in society. They boast English roots that in India some time very honorable. But heres the problem the family disgrace, the daughter refuses to behave according to the rules, a disgrace to the family, walking away from her husband, who she does not like, and loving boy from a lower caste, because of what is expelled from the family All. it affects children rebellious, brother and sister, twins, dependents who have to live in the house of their uncle and grandmother, and a lack of family love. Here on behalf of the sisters and the narration is conducted. To learn how to race dominates a person does not allow him to experience maximum happiness, runs down the wrong path. As a man, even as an adult, can not get rid of sad memories, and they overshadow his life, even if hes changed, moved away from home We will write a custom essay sample on The God of Small Things Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The God of Small Things Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The God of Small Things Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My brother in childhood experienced childhood abuse Hindu a lower caste, who was jealous of the little boy, the boy has pocket money on soda pop, and he, the adult, is forced to work for peanuts, the most soda sold. In addition, the low desires of the flesh are pushing an invalid. And where is God in this time? Not whether a person is a mistake of God? The boy has since become increasingly withdraw into themselves and stopped talking. And it is worth mother to accompany the boy and everything would be fine. Or do not go to the movies fatal event for the brother and sister began and the death of their cousin, who wanted them to ride on the river, and when the boat capsized, drowning Now when children are quite grown, the family once again converge together. Even the ocean can not break the bond between the twins, who seemed eternally joined with strong thread The novel is very interesting style, modern, elegant, with elements of impressionism. Another interesting form of: if the particles of the puzzle that are mixed and only added to the end of It is heavy work for the soul, but it is easy to read, and very beautifully written.. My mother refused to read, barely reached the sad details, but I like that. Yes, and very useful: you can learn about the life of India from the inside, I had the impression that I live birth in India as the main character. All the subtleties of themselves fit in the head Arundhati Roy -. Now one of my favorite writers. I would love something else to read it, but nothing like it is not output, and very sorry. And with this novel an opportunity to read through Booker prestigious award, which is not infrequently became awarded to nationals of India, I think, deservedly so, and Arundhati Roy is an example. This book is something or a bit like the movie Slumdog Millionaire, although the author has not supplied the novel a happy ending. Tarpaulin microcosm already is gone. White termites on their way to work. white ladybirds on his way home. white beetles burrowing into the ground from the light. white grasshoppers with violins white wood. white sorrowfully th music. As had happened . Cover that in the photo, it is very unfortunate. I have a book with a different cover.

Holistic Science.

Holistic Science. Holistic ScienceThe process of healing through hands-on manipulation is older than any other healing methods. Almost every culture has integrated bodywork into its health care practices throughout history. The evolution of pharmaceutical, surgical, and technological medicine began to diminish the medical use of massage in the earlier part of this century. Massage Therapy was recognized as a profession in the United States in 1943 with the establishment of The American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA). A Holistic approach to self-improvement was reborn during the 1960's and 1970's. Open-minded generations of the 60's and 70's viewed modern medicine as un-personal and increasingly high-tech. The initial stride towards Holistic health was made by a rebellious bunch that desired a more caring, humanistic approach to healthcare. Although worldwide acceptance of alternative medicine has been a prolonged process, the need for human touch in the healing process has increased in the past ce ntury.Generally, the sorts of people that enter a field relating to Holistic Science are compassionate, open-minded individuals.Holistic View of CommunicationOnce involved with bodywork, people are introduced to a whole new kind of lifestyle. The majority of newcomers to this profession are attracted to its alternative aspects. Straying from the paths of modern medicine seems to appeal to a wide variety of backgrounds. The background of an individual greatly attributes to their chosen profession. A Holistic Health Practitioner is the most common occupation that comes out of the Holistic field. To become a Holistic Health Practitioner, an individual must be motivated and open to other lifestyles. The level of education required is high and the coursework is intense. Holistic healers emphasize the treatment of the whole person and stress the integration of body, mind, and spirit.Several key principles tend to the variety of forms of massage therapy and bodywork. The most basic princip le...

Slipping into Newspeak

Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak By Maeve Maddox One of the scariest things Ive read lately is this comment in a language forum: America is based on the tradition of divergent thinking There was a time when nuances were important; larger vocabularies were needed.   These vocabularies will soon be superfluous as we move into an age where communications are devised and sent in the most efficient manner available.  (Emphasis added.) Anyone who has read George Orwells 1984 will hear in this comment an echo of the character Symes conversation with Winston about the shrinking size of the Newspeak dictionary: Were getting the language into its final shape Were destroying words scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. Were cutting the language down to the bone. The Eleventh Edition [of the Newspeak dictionary] wont contain a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050. Rules of grammar that contribute to precision of thought are already breaking down. Nuances that used to be observed in newspaper writing are disappearing, for example, such pairs as smell/fragrance, peal/toll, famous/notorious: Wedding Bells are Tolling Less in Milwaukee Stories about historys most famous murders at the Crime Library Such a Tiny Flower But What a Beautiful Smell The character Symes explains to Winston that paring English to the bare bones of communication is in the public interest: Dont you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten. In Orwells novel, the emasculation of the language is undertaken by the government as a means of controlling and extinguishing dissident thought. In reality, thanks to the neglect of language instruction in the public schools, over-simplified writing in the media, and the popular attitude that standard English is elitist and undemocratic, government intervention has not been necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

NewBoston Networks Company-RESEARCH SKILLS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE Essay

NewBoston Networks Company-RESEARCH SKILLS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example ry to examine the organizational structure, strategic choices made by the management and company culture that had an impact on the performances of the employees. These issues need to be addressed because the company is not able to achieve its assigned goals and objectives, which are because apparently, the working environment of the company is in conducive. Hence, in order to improve the working conditions for the employees, a profound research will be conducted based on the quantitative method. The survey questionnaire as a means to take feedback from employees regarding the role of the managers and supervisors in aligning the duties of the subordinates, the extent to which they are being supportive of their individual tasks, providing good compensation packages, ability to delegate tasks and to have the role of making strategic decisions. The company operates in Ottawa, Canada, United States, EMEA and Asia Pacific, which shows that the company size is extensive and can expand globally. The total workforce consists of 2,165 individuals working in major departments of the company including Administration (including HR and Finance), Research & Development, Engineering, and Manufacturing, Sales, Marketing, Customer Services and Logistics. The organization form of the company is Sole proprietorship as Michael Millard founded it. The company consists of diverse workforce and employee distribution is uneven in all the countries. For instance, there is no Research Department in Canada, United States and Asia Pacific. In the same way, there is no engineering, sales or customer services present in Ottawa. Besides this, it is seen that their immediate supervisors affect most of the performances of the workforce. Some employees are happy with the management whereas others have issues with the organizational set up and blame Michael Millward for the communication gap with the management. According to Alvesson (2012), good organizational or corporate culture constitutes a

Study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study Example The scenario presented for this case study is just such a case. The company is happy to overlook an immediate and obvious hazard to the health of their employees to avoid making extreme renovation efforts to remove all the remaining asbestos or relocate the workers to a safer environment. Instead they opted to ignore the employees concerns and understate the potential danger of exposure. Most of us are not always pleased with our work place, whether it is because of coworkers, management issues, or policies, but we all assume that our work space will not be hazardous to our health just by breathing the air. There are many ethical issues to be considered in regards to the provided scenario, but honestly, the most obvious and poignant, are the behaviors of the company involved and all the members of management and supervisors that felt it appropriate to avoid removing the asbestos. Despite the fact that the company had access to years of valid data that verifies that absolute harmful effects of asbestos exposure, especially long-term exposure, they chose to ignore it. Even a single exposure could, however rare, lead to potential future health problems. That said, to, essentially, require their employees to work in an environment that is not safe or face losing their employment, is a harsh disregard for the well-being of their employees; that in and of itself is blatantly unethical. Secondly, the fact that if the employees wish to speak out against the company’s actions, or lack of action, and seeks outside intervention, they would likely be terminated, is a horrendous corner to back their employees into.(Zain, 2012) This leaves the employees with few options. This is a perfect example of unethical treatment of staff, unethical overall business practices, and a terrible abuse of power on their part. The unethical behaviors of the company have a huge cascade effect. It affects the employees, clearly, because they are being forced into

Everyday Use Essay Example for Free

Everyday Use Essay Everyday Use is tale of two siblings who are the exact opposite of each other and how they view the world around them. Dee and Maggie are on the opposite ends of the spectrum, as Dee is more of an outgoing woman who fervently pursued education to get away from her humble beginnings. She wanted to be successful as her mother recalls â€Å"Dee (Wanergo) wanted nice things†, while Maggie always embraced the conventional role of woman (Walker 273). Dee is not quite feminine like her sister as she says â€Å"I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (273). However, Maggie is an introvert who prefers being at home and doing household chores. Maggie, ever since her accident is not so confident, as her mom recalls â€Å"she will stand hopeless in corners, homely and ashamed† (272). Dee is also very selfish and inconsiderate about her family’s feelings, as she views her family quilt as a mere cultural artifacts and tries to take away it away from them with no remorse. On the contrary, Maggie never tries to deny her sister any of her, although it may at the cost of her own happiness. Her mom says that Maggie â€Å"thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand† (272). However, she is very saddened by her wanting to take away the quilt that she and her grandmother made with their own hands. However, Dee says â€Å"Maggie can’t appreciate these quilts†, failing to see the sentimental value of the quilt to her sister (278). Conclusion Dee is more pretentious as she tries to put up an African persona to sound more cultured and cosmopolitan. She changes her name and her appearance to suit her new found African heritage and justifies it by saying â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer being named after the people who oppress me† (276). Maggie, on the other hand, is content with her life and comfortable with her African-American descent. Works Cited Page Walker, A. (1973). †Everyday Use†. In Love and Trouble, 272-276.

Full-time Students Vs. Part -t Essay -- essays research papers

Full-time vs. Part-time Students There are many similarities and differences between full and part-time students. Each student is trying for the goal of educating themselves to become more successful in life. As students begin their education there is a sense of motivation and eagerness. Knowing the possible compensations and honor that comes with this achievement. There can be a feeling of tension and uncertainty that comes with this new adventure. If an individual does not become discarded, and is willing to except the challenge of this feat, there is no limit to the success one can attain in their life. Students receive their degree at different times in their lives depending on their finances, responsibilities and time restraints. Full-time students are generally younger, and just out of high school. Full-time students must take a minimum number of courses, generally 12 or more semester hours. They normally have a set semester schedule of daytime or nighttime classes to choose from. They are often eligible for financial aid, or work-study programs because of the higher cost for a higher education. They may also receive a number of scholarships to help pay for their education. Full-time students usually do not have a family or as many outside responsibilities. They usually only have a part-time job and still live at home with their parents. The time restraints that full-time students have are homework, studying and fitting their job schedule into their school schedule. ...

Public Enterprises

What are the Objectives of Public Enterprises? SOUMYA SINGH In India, public enterprises have been assigned the task of realising the objectives laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Public sector as a whole seeks: (a) to gain control of the commanding heights of the economy, (b) to promote critical development in terms of social gain or strategic value rather than on consideration of profit, and (c) to provide commercial surplus with which to finance further economic development. The main objectives of public enterprises in India are as follows: 1. Economic development:Public enterprises were set up to accelerate the rate of economic growth in a planned manner. These enterprises have created a sound industrial base for rapid industrialisation of the country. They are expected to provide infrastructure facilities for promoting balanced and diversified economic structure of development. 2. Self-reliance: Another aim of public enterprises is to promote self-reliance in strategic sectors of the national economy. For this purpose, public enterprises have been set up in transportation, communication, energy, petro-chemicals, and other key and basic industries. . Development of backward Areas: Several public enterprises were established in backward areas to reduce regional imbalances in development. Balanced development of different parts of the country is necessary for social as well as strategic reasons. 4. Employment generation: Unemployment has become a serious problem in India. Public enterprises seek to offer gainful employment to millions. In order to protect jobs, several sick units in the private sector have been nationalised. 5. Economic surplus: Public enterprises seek to generate and mobilise surplus for reinvestment.These enterprises earn money and mobilise public savings for industrial development. 6. Egalitarian society: An important objective of public enterprises is to prevent concentration of economic power and growth of private mon opolies. Public sector helps the Government to enforce social control on trade and industry for ensuring equitable distribution of goods and services. Public enterprises protect and promote small scale industries. 7. Consumer welfare: Public enterprises seek to protect consumers from exploitation and profiteering by ensuring supply of essential commodities at cheaper prices.They aim at stabilising prices. 8. Public utilities: Private sector is guided by profit motive. Therefore, it is reluctant to invest money in public utility services like water supply, gas, electricity, public transport. Therefore, the Government has to assume responsibility for providing such services. 9. Defence: Government has to set up public enterprises for production of defence equipment. Supply of such equipment cannot be entrusted for private sector due to the need for utmost secrecy. 10. Labour welfare: Public enterprises serve as model employers.They ensure welfare and social security of employees. Many public enterprises have developed townships, schools, college and hospitals for their workers. Role and Rationale of Public Enterprises The public sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. In fact the public sector has come to occupy such an important place in our economy that on its effective performance depends largely the achievement of the country's economic and social goals. Public sector is considered a powerful engine of economic development and an important instrument of self-reliance.The main contributions of public enterprises to the country's economy may be described as follows: 1. Filling of gaps: At the time of independence, there existed serious gaps in the industrial structure of the country, particularly in the field of heavy industries. Basic and key industries require huge capital investment, involve considerable risk and suffer from long gestation periods. Private sector concerns do not come forward to establish such industr ies. Public sector has helped to fill up these gaps. The basic infrastructure required for rapid industrialisation has been built up, through the production of strategic capital goods.The public sector has considerably widened the industrial base of the country and speeded up the pace of industrialisation. 2. Employment: Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country. Public sector accounts for about two-third of the total employment in the organised industrial sector in India. By taking over many sick units, the public sector has protected the employment of millions. Public sector has also contributed a lot towards the improvement of working and living conditions of workers by serving as a model employer. 3. Balanced regional development:Private industries tend to concentrate in certain regions while other regions remain backward. Public sector undertakings have located their plants in backward and untraded parts of the country. These a reas lacked basic industrial and civic facilities like electricity, water supply, township and manpower. Public enterprises have developed these facilities thereby bringing about complete transformation in the social-economic life of the people in these regions. Steel plants of Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur; fertilizer factory at Sindri, machine tool plants in Rajasthan, precision instruments plants in Kerala and Rajasthan, etc. are a few examples of the development of backward regions by the public sector. 4. Optimum utilisation of resources: Public enterprises make better utilisation of scarce resources of the country. They are big in size and able to enjoy the benefits of large scale operations. They help to eliminate wasteful completion and ensure full use of installed capacity. Optimum utilisation of resources results in better and cheaper production. 5. Mobilisation of surplus: The profits earned by public enterprises are reinvested for expansion and diversification. Moreover, public sector concerns like banks and financial nstitutions mobilise scattered public savings thereby helping the process of capital formation in the country. Public enterprises earn considerable foreign exchange through exports. 6. Self reliance: Public enterprises have reduced considerably the need for imports by producing new and better products within the country. These enterprises are also earning considerable amount of foreign exchange through exports. 7. Socialistic pattern of society: Public sector is an instrument for realising social objectives. Public enterprises help to check concentration of wealth and private monopolies.These enterprises can serve as powerful means of economic and social change. 8. Public welfare: Public enterprises help in the establishment of a welfare state in the country. These enterprises supply essential commodities at cheaper rates. A proper balance between demand and supply is created to protect consumers against exploitation by profit hungry businessmen. Public enterprises also protect and promote the interests of workers. Criticism of Public Enterprises [Arguments against Public Enterprises] Public enterprises are opposed on account of weaknesses in their organisation and working.These enterprises generally suffer from the following problems: 1. Delay in completion: Often a very long time is taken in the establishment and completion of public enterprises. Delay in completion leads to increase in the cost of establishment and benefits extracted from them are delayed. 2. Faulty evaluation: Public enterprises are in some cases set upon political considerations. There is no proper evaluation of demand and supply and expected costs and benefits. There are no clear cut objectives and guidelines. In the absence of proper project planning there is under- utilisation of capacity and wastage of national resources. . Heavy overhead costs: Public enterprises often spend huge amounts on providing housing and other amenities to empl oyees. Though such investment is useful for employees but it takes away a large part of capital and the project suffers from financial difficulties. 4. Poor returns: Majority of the public enterprises in India are incurring loss. In some of them the profits earned do not yield a reasonable return on huge investment. Lack of effective financial controls, wasteful expenditure and dogmatic pricing policy result in losses 5. Inefficient management:Due to excessive centralisation of authority and lack of motivation public enterprises are managed inefficiently. High level posts are often occupied by persons lacking necessary expertise but enjoying political support. 6. Political interference: There is frequent interference from politicians and civil servants in the working of public enterprises. Such interference leaves little scope for initiative and freedom of action. Public enterprises enjoy little autonomy and flexibility of operations. 7. Labour problems: In the absence of proper man power planning public enterprises suffer from over-staffing.Jobs are created to fulfil employment goals of the Government. Guarantee of job in these enterprises encourages trade unions to be militant in pursuing their aims. Growth of Public Enterprises in India At the time of independence, public sector in India was confined mainly to railways, communications, defence production and public utility services. Since then the growth of public enterprises has been very rapid. Now public sector consists of public utilities (e. g. , railways, post and telegraph, etc), manufacturing concerns (e. g. , BHEL, SAIL, etc. ), trading organisations (e. g. STC, MMTC, etc. ), service organisations (e. g. , NIDC, RITES, etc. ). SAIL, a Maharatna Company of Govt. of India, is the world's leading and India's largest steel producer with an annual turnover of around Rs. 50,348 crore (FY11-12). It operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur and 3 special s teel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravati. As part of its global ambition the Company is implementing a massive expansion plan involving project work of building/adding new facilites with emphasis on state of the art green technology.List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs As per available information (as on February, 2013) Maharatna CPSEs Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Coal India Limited GAIL (India) Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC Limited Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited Steel Authority of India Limited Navratna CPSEs Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited NMDC Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of I ndia Limited Miniratna Category – I CPSEs Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Limited Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited BEML Limited Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Cochin Shipyard Limited Container Corporation of India Limited Dredging Corporation of India LimitedEngineers India Limited Ennore Port Limited Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited Goa Shipyard Limited Hindustan Copper Limited HLL Lifecare Limited Hindustan Newsprint Limited Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation Limited Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited IRCON International Limited KIOCL Limited Mazagaon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) Limited Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited MMT C Limited MSTC LimitedNational Fertilizers Limited National Seeds Corporation Limited NHPC Limited Northern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited Projects & Development India Limited Railtel Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited RITES Limited SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited South Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India Limited Telecommunications Consultants India Limited THDC India Limited Western Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited Miniratna Category-II CPSEsBharat Pumps & Compressors Limited Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited Ed. CIL (India) Limited Engineering Projects (India) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT (International) Limited HSCC (India) Limited India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited M E C O N Limited National Film Development Corporation Limited National Small Industries Corporation Limited P E C Limited Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

Pro Capital Punishment

Research Paper May 7, 2007 Capital Punishment Capital punishment has been used since the beginning of man to punish people that have committed the most heinous crimes. All countries around the world, view capital punishment as a way to give criminals what they deserve and to rid the world of the people who will do nothing else but murder. The baffling protests against this ‘inhumane’ act started in America in the late twentieth century. People for some reason starting arguing and passing laws on how ruthless criminals could be punished and sentenced to death.The strange thing about this is that caring people are trying to abolish the death penalty when in return if the murderers were sent free they would kill the very same people who are passing these laws without hesitation. The sentencing of death really wasn’t a popular act until the just after the middle Ages. †England had mandated 14 offenses to be punishable by death, while the newly founded American c olonies imposed the death penalty for far fewer crimes. Captain George Kendall in Jamestown, Virginia became the first recorded execution in the new colonies for the crime of espionage in 1608. The first known opposition towards capital punishment was in 1767. â€Å"Cesare Beccaria’s essay on Crimes and Punishment proposed that it is not necessary or just to punish by death. He favors life imprisonment and states, perpetual slavery. This is all that is necessary to deter the most hardened and determined criminals from committing crimes. † If I was going to commit a crime and new I was only going to spend life in prison for it, I would think I would be more likely to commit that crime than if I new if I committed it I was going to die for what I had done.It used to be that all death sentences had to be performed outside city hall for the entire public to see. â€Å"In 1834, public display of hangings was abolished and the state required each county to conduct private h angings in jail. † I think this was a smart idea to get the pictures out of the average persons head, but then again you would not have to watch if you did not want to. In many countries for hundreds of year’s public execution has been a way of life. People actually looked forward to that ‘every first Tuesday of the month’ to watch the next set of executions take place on the courthouse lawn.In the twentieth century large abolitionists groups had started up to abolish the death penalty from the United States because of the inhumanity of the act. â€Å"In 1907, the abolitionist movement leads Kansas to abolish the death penalty. Eight other states either abolished or severely limited capital punishment. Over the next ten year however all but two states had reinstated the death penalty because of criminal build up in jails. † One of the biggest problems we face today in the criminal world is not enough jail or prison space to hold the amount of prisone rs we have.This leads to more lineate judges in making decisions. â€Å"In the 1930’s executions reached an all time high executing almost 2000 prisoners a year. † By this time in American culture there was a new ‘more humane’ type of execution known as the electric chair. For almost a decade people thought this was the best form of execution until jail wardens let the public into the watching rooms to view what was going on. This lead to the first time in history the government as a hole was being forced to make a decision. The decision made was against everything the movement was fighting for. In 1955, the house of representatives voted 297 – 132 to limit inmate appeals for the death penalty to one year in state cases because of the high crime rate bogging down judges. † This law meant that after one year of appealing for your life against the sentencing you had been given, you were out of hope to change the verdict you had been given. Throu ghout the years the movement pushes on trying to get laws passed to stop the death penalty. â€Å"Governor George Ryan granted clemency to all 167 death row inmates calling the Illinois system arbitrary, capricious, and therefore immoral.Just before he left office in January 2003. † This is a good thing for the movement because it opened the eyes of many more people around the world to their views on the death sentence. There are not many important figures for capital punishment because it has just been a way of punishment for centuries, but since the past 100 years there have been many people standing out fighting to stop it. â€Å"Angel Nieves Diaz craned his neck to see the clock as a blend of lethal chemicals dripped into the intravenous tube snacking into his left arm. In Fort Lauderdale, Florida. In this particular case the public found out for the first time that prison guards as young as 18 years old are the ones performing the lethal injection process and that a cor oner is called in after the fact at an execution. The lethal injection process is supposed to last fifteen minutes tops, and the average time until death is just five minutes. The problem with the lethal injection process is that prison guards mix the chemical toxins to inject into the prisoners. In most current cases many guards are careless and do not measure how much of each chemical they are adding to the mix.This carelessness leads to people being killed by pure torture. Angel Diaz’s executioner was a first timer who was not even told that he needed to put the needle into the veins of the prisoner so the needles were just inserted into his arms. â€Å"An autopsy after the December 13th execution revealed two foot long chemical burns on his arm because the toxins from an improperly inserted needle flowed into his flesh instead of his veins. † This resulted in it takes 35 minutes to die, and the result of death was suffocation.This incident sparked a huge movement i n the U. S. , which resulted of a law that requires prison executioners to have a medical background. â€Å"Today in the United States, Inmates executed under the sentence of death on average have spent 12 years and 3 months, before their sentences had been carried out. † This length of time ensures everybody in the justice system that criminal on death row is truly guilty of his crime; this is all thanks to the movements that have been pushing the abolition of the death penalty.I think that this is not actually a good place to stand because I would not want to be executed for a crime I did not do, nor would I want to sentence an innocent person to death. â€Å"Men make up about 98% of all prisoners under the sentence of death. Whites account for 56%, blacks 42% and other races account for just 2 %. † There is ten times as many white people in this country than there is any other race, and yet the ratios of white people in jail is fewer than any of the other races. â⠂¬Å"In 2005 yearend, 36 states that have the death penalty held just 3254 prisoners under the sentence of death. â€Å"In 2005, 59 men and 1 women were executed by lethal injection. † â€Å"There are many methods of execution in the modern era which include: hanging, stoning, beheading, firing squad, electrocution, gas chamber, and the most recent is lethal injection. †I think that all of these methods sound cruel except the gas chamber because the carbon dioxide that is put into the chamber first makes you pass out as if you were falling asleep, and then the harmful chemicals that are release kills you after 30 minutes of you being out. In my opinion this is the option that I would take. The U. S. Supreme court has upheld the death penalty for the most serious and heinous crimes provided that its use is in the accordance with the procedural guarantees of the U. S. Constitution and the relevant state constitutions. † This law from the government makes it so no ju dge is able to sentence a man to death for committing a minor crime. He must go to federal court after being convicted of his crime to get the death penalty. This is more or less just protection of the criminal double-checking if he is truly guilty of innocent. Death sentences have dropped by 50 percent over the past five years and that the numbers on death row inmates have also fallen. †Despite the media telling people that the world is getting worse in the way of crime, it is a false statement. They may show crimes everyday on T. V. but that’s because it is the only one they can get a hold of. The United States actually has the lowest number of crimes that it has ever had in the last 200 years. â€Å"In 2003 there were almost 3000 prisoners being held on death row. † That is actually the lowest amount ever recorded considering some have been sitting there for 30 plus years. Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley noted that only 56 people have been sentenced t o death in his state since 1978, and that taxpayers have spent 22. 4 million beyond the cost of imprisonment on appeal litigation. †This is just the cost that has been spent by supplying inmates with attorneys to appeal their cases in court after they have been sentenced to death. â€Å"â€Å"I don’t think the country is about to get rid of the death penalty. † Observed Richard Dieter, executive director of the death penalty information center. â€Å"But overall, the trend shows some re-thinking and hesitance in performing it. † Over the past couple decades researchers have found that the general publics opinions are always fluctuating with the world and country conflicts. For example somebody who is against the death penalty now, may be for it during a time of war. Right now the U. S. has the highest vote to keep the death penalty than we have had in 30 years, research tells that it is because of the current war in Iraq, and the fact that the president s upports the death penalty. I think the death penalty is here to stay, at least for the next century or two.The last decade has brought many thoughts into peoples minds about how execution needs to be painless, to make executing worthwhile at all. â€Å"Some doctors and lawyers say that there is a ‘significant risk’ that an inmate can suffer minutes of excruciating, burning pain while paralyzed and unable to communicate his agony. This violates the constitution protection against cruel and unusual punishment. † I don’t think I would be to concerned how much pain a serial killer is in when I am putting him down but a painless death is possible by using professionals. A humane and painless death, if the chemicals are injected in the right order. Derswite said in a recent telephone interview. † Currently people that act like juveniles and some mentally ill people are on death row, which is wrong because most of them cannot help the outcome of their behav ior. â€Å"If certain mentally ill defendants think and act like juveniles or the mentally retarded, then they should be excluded from death row. †This is true because â€Å"the vast majority of people on death row suffer from a mental disorder of some kind. The government then stepped in and said, â€Å"If you define it that way nobody would ever be given the death penalty. It creates a standard that would effectively exempt anyone. † Many countries have come the conclusion to abolish the death sentence after researchers proved it inhumane. â€Å"According the Amnesty’s International’s briefing for the European union and India summit on September 7, 2005, 120 countries have abolished the death penalty in low practice for all crimes and 76 countries still perform it naturally. The good thing about making the death penalty a low priority is that you do not have to worry about being stoned for stealing bread at the local market. In Iraq, before the Iraq w ar in 2000 Sadam Hussein would have you killed if you were caught stealing, by having you stoned to death in public view. This luckily is not how modern countries act. â€Å"Many states have put into effect the justice for all act. Which provides 25 million dollars over five years to help states pay for post conviction testing of DNA. † This is an example of the modern worlds view on solving crime.People that have been setting on death row over 20 years that were not lucky enough to have been convicted of their crime during the DNA era are getting to re-try their case in court with DNA evidence proving if they were really guilty or not. The death penalty is written in our constitution many times over, this means it will always be a part of the people in the United States. The only way to change or stop criminals from being sentenced to death would be to either only hire very caring judges or spend years changing around the constitution of the Untied States.Overall I can tell the capital punishment has no real effect on the culture we live in. Before people commit an act they look into the possible outcomes of their proposed act unless they are in some way mentally handicapped. In this case the pre decided people already deserve the death penalty for their acts. I have a 100 percent support behind the death penalty, because if I was the one murders I would want to make sure my murderer is going down with me.

Martin Luther and John Calvin in the Reformation essays

Martin Luther and John Calvin in the Reformation essays The Lutheran and Calvinist Reformations are very similar in principle. Martin Luther and John Calvin hold that not mere abuses of the Roman Catholic Church need correcting, but that the Catholic Church itself is wrong in principle. I will discuss the platforms from which religious revolutionaries Luther and Calvin stand in church reform as well as the tendency of women to agree with the reforms during 16th-century European religion. Luther's cause for reformation comes from the unnatural paranoia that he is eternally damned because he has problems convincing himself that his spirit is pure enough for heaven. His internal distress rages within him about the omnipotence of God, his own insignificant existence in comparison, and his apprehensiveness of the devil. His personal problems do not yield to the existing manners of assuring oneself that he is headed for heavens such as sacraments, alms, prayer attendance at Mass, and assorted "good works." Luther solves this problem, however, b y believing that good works are the consequence and external evidence of inner grace, but in no way the cause of this grace. He feels that if one has faith in themselves, the religion, and God, then good works will manifest themselves because of it. This is Luther's doctrine of justification by faith. John Calvin's religiousness is a result of acquiring a fresh insight into the meaning of Christianity, also known as a conversion experience, whereby he joined forces with the religious revolutionaries of whom the best known was then Luther. His book, Institutes of the Christian Religion, appeals to human reason itself in that if one is dissatisfied with the Roman church, they can find an idea that would most appropriately fit their beliefs or the situation they are in. Placing much of the textual emphasis on the concept of predestination, Hans J. Hillerbrand says about the Institutes, "Calvin believed that it was a biblical doctrine and he went to consider...

Learn How to Calculate Molarity of a Solution

Learn How to Calculate Molarity of a Solution Molarity is a unit of concentration, measuring the number of moles of a solute per liter of solution. The strategy for solving molarity problems is fairly simple. This outlines a straightforward method to calculate the  molarity of a solution. The key to calculating molarity is to remember the units of molarity (M): moles per liter. Find the molarity by calculating the number of moles of the solute dissolved in liters of a solution. Sample Molarity Calculation Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 23.7 grams of KMnO4 into enough water to make 750 mL of solution. This example has neither the moles nor liters needed to find molarity, so you must find the number of moles of the solute first. To convert grams to moles, the molar mass of the solute is needed, which can be found on  certain  periodic tables.​ Molar mass of K 39.1 gMolar mass of Mn 54.9 gMolar mass of O 16.0 gMolar mass of KMnO4 39.1 g 54.9 g (16.0 g x 4)Molar mass of KMnO4 158.0 g Use this number to convert grams to moles. moles of KMnO4 23.7 g KMnO4 x (1 mol KMnO4/158 grams KMnO4)moles of KMnO4 0.15 moles KMnO4 Now the liters of solution is needed. Keep in mind, this is the total volume of the solution, not the volume of solvent used to dissolve the solute. This example is prepared with enough water to make 750 mL of solution. Convert 750 mL to liters. Liters of solution mL of solution x (1 L/1000 mL)Liters of solution 750 mL x (1 L/1000 mL)Liters of solution 0.75 L This is enough to calculate the molarity. Molarity moles solute/Liter solutionMolarity 0.15 moles of KMnO4/0.75 L of solutionMolarity 0.20 M The molarity of this solution is 0.20 M (moles per liter). Quick Review How To Calculate Molarity To calculate molarity: Find the number of moles of solute dissolved in solution, Find the volume of solution in liters, andDivide moles solute by liters solution. Make certain to use the correct number of significant figures when reporting your answer. One easy way to track the number of significant digits is to write all your numbers in scientific notation.

Katharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory Term Paper

Katharine Kolcaba and Comfort Theory - Term Paper Example Purpose of Nursing â€Å"Holistic nursing care† sees comfort as a significant need throughout a person's lifetime (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.599). Some of the indicators of quality and holistic nursing care are nursing outcomes that impact â€Å"holistic comfort† and patient satisfaction (Malinowski & Stamler, 2002, p.601). Kolcaba and Kolcaba (1991) lamented about the lack of richness and complexity of nursing as a science, because of the absence of further conceptualization of critical care terms: â€Å"... meanings of the term [comfort] are not specified† (p. 1301). Boundaries of Nursing Nursing has â€Å"comfort† as one of its fundamental theme, value, and outcome, which differentiates it from other health-related professions that focus on other technical values (Siefert, 2002, p.16). Nursing is related to disciplines of anthropology and psychology. Nursing is associated with anthropology, because both require careful observations and documentation s of observed settings (Kolcaba, 2003, p.23). Nursing is also related to psychology, where comfort is a physical, mental, and emotional state: â€Å"a state of ease and quiet enjoyment, [no] worry† (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188), as well as â€Å"satisfaction† and â€Å"relief† (Tutton & Seers, 2003, p.690). ... ancer and receiving radiation therapy, as well as people with urinary problems or mental problems, or are at their end-of-life stages (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Description of Nursing Situations The one nursed has physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental comfort needs (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). Nurses should be knowledgeable and skilled in their profession (i.e. knowledgeable in communication strategies), sensitive and emphatic to patients who are asking for help and complain about discomfort, and have practical knowledge about medicines (Epstein, 2010, p.577; Stajduhar, Thorne, McGuinness, & Kim-Sing, 2010, pp.2040-2041) and other important non-pharmacological interventions (i.e. massage, as studied by Harris & Richards, 2010) . Quality interactions between nurses and the nurse can be described as resulting to patient satisfaction, because the patients feel relieved in how their comfort needs are met, and they are also satisfied with their relations and interactions with their nurses (Zaccardi, Wilson, & Mokrzycki, 2010, p.138). Context of the Development of Comfort Theory Katharine Kolcaba and Her Comfort Theory Kolcaba (1991) developed the Comfort Theory, because during her course of study, she believed that â€Å"comfort† is not yet fully analyzed as a nursing concept (p.1301). In addition, there is a need for a mid-range theory that has rich concepts and real applications to nursing practice (Kolcaba & Dimarco, 2005, p.188). She also asserted that the nursing profession would benefit from clearer conceptual terms that can be operationalized and measured more accurately. In 1965, Kolcaba obtained her nursing diploma from St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing in Cleveland (Kolcaba, 2003, p.2). She practiced full and part-time nursing

Analysis & Discussion about gold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis & Discussion about gold - Essay Example People value gold and perceive it to a sign of purity and success. It is a metal used for jewelry, as investments and also as monetary exchange. Gold jewelers are considered to be the most successful business as they deal in something that has only seen appreciation in value most of the time. The value of gold is quoted in financial news and it fluctuates on daily basis. The gold rates are quoted for price in dollars for gold bullion which is the raw form of the metal. All countries publish gold prices in their respective currency on daily basis. Analysts link the value to the international gold rates quoted in the global markets. The market generally shows an upward trend of the gold prices but its fluctuations are based on the demand and supply of the metal itself. The sudden surge in the gold price is attributed to the shortage of this metal as compared to its demand. But some analysts argue that gold hoarders have led to artificial price hike at times. Although international laws and regulations keep a check on the gold prices and monitor its trading in a prudent manner. Gold was used as reserve currency for many decades. The use of gold coins and issuance of money equivalent to the gold reserve has been a very common in the past. In the second half of the nineteenth century an international gold standard was established. â€Å"The gold standard was created by the free market, the citizenry, and it operates to manage the supply of paper currency under self adjusting market system.† (Lewis 103) The use of gold as a monetary exchange was abolished and replaced by fiat currencies in the 20th century. Before currencies were convertible into gold but the declining gold reserves and the increasing international trading required currency interchange and thus currencies were made legal tenders by the government and were used for transaction and reserve purposes. â€Å"The price of a thing at any moment is determined by the quantity of money which has to be given for it, but ‘the quantity of money’ is a magnitude, which is in part determined by the nature of the unit of account employed.† (Gregory 4) The price of currencies previously was linked with gold and the purchasing power of the currency would be maintained in terms of gold. The same amount of currency, irrespective o f its metallic weight, whether it is a coin or a note, would be convertible to the same amount of gold. Thus the purchasing power in terms of the value of gold would be same and this determined the value of currency as well as the gold prices. But the scarcity of gold mines and deposits around the world has lead government to remove the gold and currency purchasing power equation and has made the paper currency a legal tender for all the transactions. The same amount of currency will have the same purchasing power or not cannot be guaranteed in the fiat - legal tender currency system. The gold has now become a commodity of exchange rather than i ts previous function of maintaining currencies purchasing power. â€Å"In today’s government controlled fiat money system, gold has lost its monetary function. However, gold has remained a kind of ultimate means of payment, protecting investors against financial crises and inflation.† (Belke & Polleit 13) People buy gold jewels, gold bars and gold coins from the investment point of view. The investment options may differ for

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Sociology - Essay Example An Industrial Breakthrough: Taylorism After having worked in the steel industry and noticed a pervasive culture of purposeful inefficiency and underperformance of workers called ‘soldiering’, Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) was motivated to scientifically investigate the causes and solutions to the said problem. The outcome of his investigation -- a comprehensive work which received both commendation and criticism upon its release -- was encapsulated in The Principles of Scientific Management (1911). In his unorthodoxly treatise, Taylor greatly emphasized the need to employ scientific methods in improving the occupational operations of industries to combat workers’ sloppiness and unprolificacy. He also advocated for the division and simplification of job routines and for the optimisation of specialised responsibility (Kanigel 5). In his ‘time and motion studies,’ Taylor sought to determine the fastest way to complete a specific task and the best possible way to conduct it. After several experiments, Taylor was able to propose monumental scientific management principles to maximise efficiency and profit that would also benefit not only the owners, managers and workers of a particular industry but also the whole economy. Interchangeably called Taylorism, the school of thought revolves around the belief that the scientific study of the whole gamut of occupational tasks is key in the success of the business; that the systematic selection, training and development of each worker is important in ensuring higher productivity values; and that division of work between management (planning) and workers (execution) should be implemented so that focused attention is rendered towards their respective duties (Taylor and Epley 45). To be sure, Taylorism is a management system that aims to guarantee maximum prosperity for the owner and at the same time, considerable material improvement for the worker -- higher wages, better working condit ions and higher productivity. In the words of Pugh (1997, p. 275), â€Å"maximum prosperity for the owner meant the development of all aspects of the business and the achievement of good financial results. Benefits for the worker meant offering relatively high salaries and more efficient utilization of labour, that is, the attribution of higher level tasks according to their present manual skills.† Moreover, the payment-by-result method of wage determination in Taylorism implants the bonus piecework scheme, rewarding the employee per work done rather than his or her skill level. Although rightly denounced by individual laborers and labor groups for trying to alienate them (indirectly but substantially) and treating them as mindless, emotionless, and easily replicable factors of production, Taylorism was a critical factor in the unprecedented growth of US manufacturing output that catapulted Allied victory in Second World War, and the subsequent US domination in the industrial world. The said management practice and industrial protocol has also been tremendously emulated in some other parts of the industrialized world, thus changing the face of work and the entire landscape of the industrial sector (Tickell and Peck 358). A Fresh Perspective: Fordism The criticism against Taylorism based on the grounds that it dehumanises the workforce by treating the members as machines and by looking at them as ‘

Child labour: Is it a Necessary Evil?

Child labour: Is it a Necessary Evil? Now days, the complex and universal problem of child labor have become a harsh reality attracting worldwide attention. The prevalence of child labour is economically unsound, psychologically disastrous and physically as well as morally dangerous. No doubt, labour is worship but child labour in dangerous and a blot on the conscience of society. It is a sad affair that child labour is deprived of his youthful life, education and thus prospects of higher level of living. Child labour perpetuates poverty, it does not reduce it as it condemns one generation after another to its vicious circle. Child labour harms the progress and prosperity of a nation. Throwing light on this fact, John has rightly said, Starve a child of food, of affection, of freedom, of education and you produce an adult who is stunted as an individual and holds back progress and development rather than accelerate it. Our country is also facing this critical problem of child labor. A wide variation is seen in the estimation of child labor in country. According to 1971, 1981 and 1991 census of India, the number of working children accounted for 10.74 million, 13.60 million and 11.28 million respectively. The ORG has estimated that the number of child labor is closer to 44 million. According to U.N., 55% of the work force in India is made up of child labor. It is normally seen that employers do not always provide accurate data on child labor in order to safeguard themselves from legal hassles. It was pointed out in the World Conference on Children that the number of child labor in the world is about 25 crore, out of which the maximum number about 10 crore is found in India alone. It is estimated that about 7.5 crore are engaged in rural areas while remaining 2.5 crore are employed in urban areas. Alarmed at this critical problem, ILO has also estimated that India alone accounts for one fourth of tot al child labor of the world. Childlabor is rampant across the country. Children can be seen working in agricultural fields, carpet and durri industries, biri, handicraft, match box, glass and bangle industries, in restaurants and as domestic servants. It is estimated that 30 per cent of child labor is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, 30 to 35 percent in industries and remaining are engaged in mining, tea gardens and hotels etc. These occupations are hazardous, causing severe physical damage to them and thus inhibiting their mental, moral and social development. These child laborers become prey to many fatal diseases, like T.B., Cancer, Asthma, lungs and skin related diseases. The sad plight of child labor is depicted by Sudha and Tiwari in these words,It is really sad to note that children in most of the developing countries are living miserable, cheerless lives, toiling unendlessly to ward off starvation, totally deprived of all comforts and opportunities for self growth and development. Poverty, unemployment, traditional attitude, marginalization of farms, urbanization, lack of schools, reluctance of parents to send their children to schools are the factors responsible for the problem of child labour. In fact, poverty is seen as the major factor responsible for this problem. Poor parents hardly have time for their children because they are all the time struggling for bread and butter. They are not in a position to fulfill their responsibilities towards children. In reality, the children are supposed to be the extra earning hands, rather than extra mouths to feed. Children are made to work at a very young age. Emphasizing this factor, the report of the Committee on Child Labor commented, Stronger than tradition is the factor of chronic poverty responsible for the prevalence and perpetuation of child labor. In poor families, the child, since his very appearance in this world, is endowed with an economic mission.The child is compelled to shed sweat of brow to keep the wolf away from the door. Large sized families are also held responsible for this problem. Again, most of the workers are engaged in non organized sector. The inadequacy of wages in this sector compels these workers to send their children on work to supplement their income. Availability of child labor at lower wages also motivates the employers to employ them. The employment of the child labor not only reduces the cost of production but also provides access to that labor which is unresisting and unorganized. As a result of this trend, the wages of other adult workers decline, adult unemployment increases and that paves way for the poverty. Nurses vicious circle of poverty explains the phenomenon of child labor clearly. Thus, child labor is an exploitation of child by the vested interests. On the one side, there is compulsion of poor parents and on the other side; the unresponsive attitude of specific industries is also responsible for this problem. The situation of child laborers in India is desperate. Children work for eight hours at a stretch with only a small break for meals. The meals are also frugal and the children are ill nourished. Most of the migrant children, who cannot go home, sleep at their work place, which is very bad for their health and development. Seventy five percent of Indian population still resides in rural areas and are very poor. Children in rural families who are ailing with poverty perceive their children as an income generating resource to supplement the family income. Parents sacrifice their childrens education to fulfill the basic needs of their younger siblings and view them as wage earners for the entire family. Irrelevance of education in practical life is also considered an important factor for this problem. It is rightly pointed out, A secondary reason for child labor is that many children choose to work because neither they nor their poverty stricken families see the point of acquiring an education which has little relevance to their lives and which moreover does not guarantee them a job. They prepare to undergo some kind of apprenticeship so that they can learn a skill and earn money at the same time. These children are deprived of their childhood. The prospects of getting good education and good jobs become a distant dream for them. Thus, the parents, society and the state are responsible for thi s criminal injustice with the future citizens. Children are flowers of our national garden they should be nurtured with love and affection so that; they grow into responsible and responsive citizens. Child labour has important demographic and social-economic implications for developing countries like India. Many provisions have been made in the constitution of the country to promote the welfare and development of children. Under Article 29 of the constitution, no child below the age of 14 can be deployed in any hazardous work. Article 23 prohibits forced labour. The chapter IV of theIndian constitution mentions specific directions related to the welfare of children. In Article 39, it is made obligatory for the states to formulate polices in such a way so that the healthy development of children can be ensured. To safeguard the interests of these deprived children, various laws have been enacted in the country. Many legislations have been passed to prevent the employment of children in hazardous occupations and to improve their working conditions. Many policies have also been formulated for the healthy and balanced development of children. In the same way, there are important legislations which provide legal protection to child labour in India. Some of them are following: 1. Child (Pledging of labour). Act (Government of India, 1933) 2. The Employment of Children Act (Government of India, 1938) 3. The Minimum wages Act, 1948 4. The factories Act, 1948 5. The Plantation Labour Act, 1951 6. The Mines Act, 1952 7. The Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 8. The Motor Transport Workers Act, 1961 9. The Apprentices Act, 1961 10. The Bedi and Cigar Workers Act, 1966 11. State Shops and Establishment Acts, 12. According to the National Policy for children, 1974, no child under 14 years can be engaged in any hazardous occupation. It is also laid down in the policy that children should be protected against neglect, cruelty and exploitation. Again, the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was initialed in 1986 to ban childrens employment in 70 hazardous occupations. National Child Labour Project (NCLP) was also launched by Labour Ministry in 1988 to rehabilitate working children. In Oct, 2006, the Government has passed legislation to ban the employment of children below 14 years in restaurants, hotels, tea-stalls, eateries and as domestic laborers. India has also become a signatory to various international declarations and agreements to regulate the menace of child labour. So, it has become obligatory for the country to undertake the measures to eliminate the scourge of child labour which has assumed serious proportions in recent years. Many policies have been formulated for the healthy and balanced development of children. The Government has launched Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Mid Day Meal Scheme, Education Guarantee programme etc to bring the child labour under the umbrella of education. Non Governmental Organizations were also permitted to open residential schools for these children to bring them back to the mainstream of the society. Residential and special schools have also been setup for the education of child labor. In 2006 the Government has introduced Integrated Child Development services aimed at providing a package of services consisting of supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check up and education and non-form al education. In spite of adoption and implementation of various policies, laws and programmes by the government directly or indirectly, the problem of child labor is still staring at us. Due to ignorance, illiteracy and economic compulsions of the poor families, these laws are evaded at different places at different points of time. Weak enforcement machinery, little information related to child labor laws and peculiar socio-economic conditions are also the factors responsible for the avoidance of laws related to children. To check the problem of child labour, it is essential to eradicate the menace of poverty by improving agriculture sector, providing employment to unemployed hands at minimum wages, establishing agro-processing units in rural areas. Stringent measures should also be taken to make employment generation and poverty eradication plans effective and successful and corruption free. In the same way, population control measures and other medical facilities must be provided to the poor section of the country. Adequate school facilities, provision of night schools, improvement in school environment and curricula of education can also contribute a lot in solving this critical problem. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) should also ensure that rescued child labourers do not return to work. So every effort must be made for the repatriation of rescued child labourers to their native places. Poverty, unemployment and illiteracy are the prime reasons responsible for this problem. So efforts must be made to eradicate these causes. Monetary incentives and income generating assets must be provided to poor families so that they are not compelled to send their children to work. It is essential to compensate the families of those children who are being withdrawn from work force. A strong socio-political environment must be achieved with the active cooperation of people, society, and non government organization. NGOs must motivate the parents to provide education, health care and skill development facilities to their children. Special schools may be set up for the child labor so they can acquire minimum qualifications. In the same way, specific strategies must be evolved keeping in mind the nature of work in which the child is currently engaged. Thus, a joint effort of government, NGOs and society is required to solve this critical problem. We should try to strike at the root ca use of this critical problem. Efforts should be made to change the attitude and mindset of the people towards their children. We should never forget that todays children are tomorrows citizen. If this critical problem is not tackled urgently, we can well imagine the future of our country in the days to come. 1